"The way in which these streams of human culture flow is gradual incremental undirected emergent and driven by natural selection among competing ideas.  He argues that the human need for top-down ‘reason’ is often just that - our need, and that it is not how our world - and systems within it - has evolved.  We place too much emphasis on planning and design, and not enough on natural evolution of things." 

“In society people are the victims and even the immediate agents of change but more often than not the causes are elsewhere - they are emergent collective inexorable forces. The most powerful of inexorable forces is biological evolution by natural selection itself but there are other simpler forms of evolutionary unplanned change. “ - Ridley

“Wild Wild Country doesn’t hold back on the crimes of the Rajneesh, but it presents their movement from enough angles that you are left to decide for yourself if it was a New Age utopia destroyed by corruption or a brainwashed cult that operated as a massive criminal enterprise. At the same time, it’s hard to feel much sympathy for the residents of the nearby towns who appear openly bigoted in both the archival footage and present-day interviews. Long before Sheela’s crimes, the conservative Christian residents threatened them with guns, hung posters that say “Not Wanted Dead or Alive,” and bombed the Rajneeshee hotel. You’re left feeling like it was a strange, sad affair all around.” -Lincoln Michel 

Cycle #9 for British sprinter Jodie Williams

“… a lot of what passed for health and fitness now was just an attempt to synthesize what humans have done for eons: move around outside, sometimes intensely; eat food from the earth; sleep a lot; hold on to each other. Were we just trying to hack our way back to nature? If technology had gotten us into this mess, was it going to bail us out?”

1. fear, 
2. honor and 
3. self-interest

• Roots (becoming attributes)
• Trunk (being attributes)
• Branches and foliage (going beyond attributes)

In the first year that this conspiracy is picking up steam, Gawker Media would post something like 100,000 articles across its eight sites. Almost none of these pieces see an editor before they go live. In 2012 alone, Gawker would find itself the recipient of multiple leaks of celebrity photos, it would unmask a famous internet troll, it would go after politicians, break technology news, publish controversial first-person essays, repeat gossip, and antagonize the sports world. Most of its posts were ephemeral, simple aggregation of the news and trends of the day. Not all, though.

He had designed Gawker to have an insatiable maw — tying it to the limitless appetite for content of the internet. It was founded, remember, by paying writers for each morsel they dropped into it, not how nutritious each morsel was. As technology improved, Gawker simply switched to paying by the page view and then later shifted to unique views — essentially paying by the calorie instead of the crumb.

“… when we talk about the musculoskeletal or a muscle-tendon-bone system. We've got the extracellular matrix within the muscle, and then we've got the extracellular matrix within the tendon. So what you can do is you can do exercise that's going to increase the stiffness of the extracellular matrix of the muscle, but it could also at the same time decrease the stiffness of the connective tissue within the tendon, and the reverse is true and all of the different combinations are true. So what you're looking to do is as you train or as you do other things that are going to improve muscle function is you're looking for the connective tissue within your muscle to become stiffer and better able to transmit force and you're looking for your tendon to also become somewhat stiffer and to be better able to transmit force. If you're only training with fast movements, and fast movements are specifically important for the tendon stiffness, the faster your movement is the more your tendon is going to become stiffer over time with training; the slower your movement is the less stiff your tendon is going to be over time. 

… slow lengthening contractions increase the shear within the collagen and the tendon and that decreases the overall stiffness of the tendon. If you only do fast movements and you continue to increase the stiffness of the tendon and you're not doing anything to really strengthen your muscle, what’s going to happen is your tendon is going to become stiffer than your muscle is strong, and what that means is when you hit the ground at full speed, instead of what should happen which is the tendon lengthens a little bit and acts as a shock absorber for your muscle, if your tendon is stiffer than your muscle is strong, then what happens is the tendon is so stiff that it doesn’t extend upon impact and instead of your tendon extending your muscle has to extend even though it is fully contracting. So it's maximally activating and it's trying to shorten, but because the tendon is so stiff it now has to lengthen abruptly, and that's where severe muscle injuries occur.”

“… what we started considering was the idea that gelatins or bone broths would be really beneficial as a way to improve connective tissue function, improve return to play or accelerate people’s return to play after an injury. 

… the amino acids are going to peak within the blood at about an hour after the consumption of the supplement. We then take a large amount of blood at one hour and we put it into our engineered ligament model just to see whether the blood from a person taken before they’ve taken the gelatin or after they’ve taken the gelatin, can we see any difference in the function of the ligaments that we get from these? And sure enough, what we see is that if you make the ligament and you feed it media that contains the serum of the people after they’ve had the gelatin supplement, you get more collagen in a step-wise response, whereas at the 5 grams of gelatin you get more collagen than the placebo and at the 15 you get more collagen than you do at either the 5 or the placebo group. And then what we look at is we look at the mechanics and sure enough, the mechanics are improved. They are stronger. They're stiffer than they were without the supplement.”

“There are huge numbers of runners who get stress fractures or who get all of these other basically mechanical-fatigue- related injuries. What we do in this situation is we just do exactly what we do for the rehab except we're not doing it as frequently. So if I know that I have an athlete who’s going to be practicing in the afternoon, I have them get up, I feed them gelatin, and then I'm going to have them do an exercise bout that's going to load the area that we're most concerned with … For our long distance runners, they do five to six minutes of jump rope because if you have a history of tibial stress fractures or hip stress fractures or Achilles problems or plantar fasciitis, all of those structures are going to be loaded by the jump rope. They're going to get just enough of a stimulus in that six minutes to have a response. The cells are going to get a response. And then by giving them the supplement an hour beforehand, what we're doing is we're getting them to do their exercise when the nutrients are at their peak.”

• If you notice symptoms that you believe are related to gluten-consumption please get tested for coeliac disease. This is a disorder that in severely under-detected, very serious in nature, increases risk of many chronic illnesses if not combated and is testable with a high degree of accuracy. Ruling coeliac disease in or out is the first port of call, always.
• I think it’s fair to state that non-coeliac gluten sensitivity DOES exist. To what extent? I really don’t know to be perfectly honest. But then again, no one does.
• Saying everyone NEEDS to be 100% gluten-free is ridiculous.
• Equally as ridiculous is saying that as long as someone doesn’t have coeliac disease, gluten can not potentially be a problem. An illogical absolutist stance on gluten swings both ways.
• A diet that is gluten-free because someone is eating vegetables, fruit, meat, seafood, nuts, dairy and other whole foods is not a fad. Continuing to eat a poor diet but deciding to pay 5 times the price for your gluten-free cake… now that’s a fad.
• If you know you experience symptoms from consuming gluten-containing foods and are happier avoiding them, then do that. If you can consume gluten-containing foods without any apparent issue and feel great, then stay doing that.

• Shankar Vedantam with Daniel Kahneman, On Misery, Memory, And Our Understanding Of The Mind

• Things like reading and rereading, or doing acts over and over again (like putting a golf ball)
• These strategies feel productive, but the fluency and improvements you see are leaning on short-term memory, not long-term memory

1. In instructional settings, there’s a temptation to sometimes make the material easy/as clear as you can for the learner
• The learner then develops a confidence that they are on top of that piece of material
• However, it’s just an illusion of knowing it, the brain hasn’t actually struggled to learn anything
• We tend to think easy material sticks easier; this is not the case
2. Another misconception – if you intend to remember something you will
• The intentionality doesn’t make learning stick

• There’s no evidence that supports using one’s learning preference to learn, actually leads to better learning
• However, a person is more likely to stick with it longer if the material is presented in the way a person prefers

• “If you want to make learning stick, practice getting it out of the brain, not getting it into the brain”

• What are the main ideas of this?
• How do they relate to what I already know?
• How would I put this in my own words explaining it to somebody else?

• The process of learning should be difficult
• When you’re learning, you’re moving material from short to long-term memory, and this happens over time (hours) – sleep helps